Database

Build a URL Shortener from Scratch — Part 2: Database Schema and Base62 Encoding

Part 2: Design PostgreSQL schema for URL shortener with Alembic migrations. Implement Base62 encoding/decoding for short code generation.

Learn PostgreSQL indexing with B-tree, composite, and partial indexes. Use EXPLAIN ANALYZE to verify query plans and avoid common indexing pitfalls.

Resolve PostgreSQL duplicate key violation errors. Understand unique indexes, race conditions, UPSERT, and transaction isolation.

Prevent data loss when restarting PostgreSQL Docker containers. Covers volumes, bind mounts, named volumes, and how to verify persistence.